跨境詐騙犯罪近年愈演愈烈，大量中國商人乃至平民百姓均深受其害。許多人被拐騙、強擄至境外詐騙園區迫從事非法工作，亦有廣大民眾遭受巨額財產損失。面對這嚴峻困局，中國政府部門積極制定並實施法律法規，嚴格管控前往詐騙高發地區的中國公民，同時深化外交聯繫與國際警務協作，傾力合力打擊跨境詐騙犯罪。
深化中介監管與國家安全範疇
2026年6月29日，國務院第90次常務會議審議通過、由李強總理簽署的《國務院關於出境入境管理的規定》，將於2026年9月15日正式施行。該規定共計19條，旨在全面規範中國大陸境內公民與外籍人員的出入境行為。
規定第1條即明確立法宗旨：保護出入境人員合法權益，維護國家主權、安全和發展利益。第2條則專門提出建立健全中國公民出境安全風險防範機制，重點保障出境公民的人身安全，適用範圍涵蓋武裝衝突、社會動盪、地區戰爭、自然災害、事故災難及傳染病疫情等高風險地區。此一條款雖着眼於廣義安全風險，但同樣可有效用於規制前往緬甸、老撾（寮國）、柬埔寨等詐騙犯罪猖獗地區的中國公民。
為從源頭堵截犯罪鏈條，規定對出入境中介機構施以嚴格監管：
資質與設立門檻（第7、8條）：提供出入境諮詢、證件代辦等業務的中介機構及其從業人員實行備案管理。機構須合法登記，法定代表人及負責人須無故意犯罪刑事紀錄，並配備具備相應法律知識的人員、資金與場所。從事出境中介者，還須與境外機構建立正式合作關係；同時禁止境外企業或機構在中國境內直接開展出入境中介業務。
跨部門協同監管（第9條）：移民管理部門將聯合外事、教育、司法行政、人社、商務、文旅及市場監管等多部門開展聯合監管，依法公示違法機構與不良記錄，並嚴格保護國家秘密、商業秘密與個人隱私。
劃定法律紅線（第10條）：明確禁止中介機構發布虛假宣傳、協助提交虛假材料辦理證件、洩露或倒賣客戶個人資訊、超範圍經營及協助跨境犯罪等行為。針對公職人員、軍隊人員違規委託辦理外國國籍或境外居留證件者，中介機構不僅不得承接，更負有向監察機關報告的法定義務。
法律責任與懲處（第11、12條）：未按要求備案或不符設立條件者，由移民管理機構責令改正；拒不改正且情節嚴重者，將處以罰款，並可通報主管部門責令停業整頓甚至吊銷證照。個人非法從事中介業務者，沒收違法所得，情節嚴重者依法並處罰款。
總括而言，該規定將直接約束前往東南亞等地區參與跨境犯罪的人員（包含中國公民與外籍人員），並將出入境中介機構從備案、背景審查到業務營運，全方位納入國家安全監管範疇。此舉亦有助於填補先前緬北明、白、魏、劉四大家族犯罪網絡所暴露的監管漏洞──切斷黑心中介招募中國公民赴外涉詐的關鍵管道。
鞏固多邊聯盟與外交應對
2026年9月10日，中國於江蘇連雲港主導成立「打擊電信網絡詐騙聯盟」，吸引46個國家共同加入，另有34國以觀察員身份預會，聯合國及國際刑警組織亦派員出席。國際刑警組織代表指出，2024至2026年間，全球詐騙類犯罪猛增了55%。
參會各國共同簽署《打擊詐騙與網絡犯罪聯合宣言》，強調網絡犯罪已成全球性公害，呼籲建構更聚焦、專業、高效且務實的國際協作機制。包括越南、老撾、柬埔寨、巴基斯坦、俄羅斯、肯尼亞等國均為聯盟成員。本次連雲港大會展現了中國推動跨境反詐國際合作的堅定決心。
公安部部長王小洪在聯盟會議上表示，中國將堅持法治原則、完善合作機制、秉持平等包容，持續提升打擊跨境犯罪的能力。他倡議各國警務人員應加強培訓，針對重點案發地區與具體個案深化聯合演練與溝通協作。鑑於大量中國公民兼具詐騙組織者、幫兇與受害者的複雜身份，中國正積極扮演全球反詐領域的核心推動者。
執法行動與跨國引渡
建構多邊聯盟具有迫切的現實必要性。美國聯邦調查局（FBI）官員斯科特・謝爾布爾（Scott Schelble）於2026年2月發出警告，東南亞詐騙集團已演化為產業化運作模式，背後常有華人犯罪組織參與，資金雄厚且跨國布局，並緊密鏈結人口販運、洗錢與腐敗等複合型犯罪，FBI亦正積極展開追查打擊。
2026年5月，中國公安部首次聯合美國、阿聯酋執法部門，成功打掉位於阿聯酋境內的9個詐騙團夥，抓獲276名涉案嫌疑人，該團夥主要透過「網路婚戀殺豬盤」及比特幣投資騙局大量斂財。
隨着多國執法力度的加大，詐騙集團亦流竄各方以避風頭。部分犯罪分子已從柬埔寨轉移至印尼，冒充政府官員或投資專家繼續實施詐騙。中國駐印尼大使館已發布安全提醒，呼籲在地中國公民提高防範意識。
全面治理與長期挑戰
面對跨境詐騙的嚴峻形勢，中國已形成一套綜合整治策略：從東南亞多國引渡並審判犯罪頭目與骨幹；出台全新出入境管理規定，嚴格管控中介機構；推動成立國際反詐聯盟，深化情報交換、嫌犯引渡與搗毀窩點等實務合作。
然而，跨境治理要實現根治仍面臨長遠挑戰。詐騙集團具有極強的流動性與產業生存韌性，極易利用部分國家的治理短板、監管真空及地方腐敗，在極短時間內於新地點重建詐騙園區。這場圍繞跨境詐騙的攻防戰，注定是一場需要全球多國長期深化合作的持久戰。
China's regulatory, diplomatic and policing response to cross-border scam crime
The proliferation of cross-border scam crime that has not only involved many ethnic Chinese businesspeople but also victimized ordinary Chinese citizens, who have been kidnapped to work in scam compounds or who were cheated with huge monetary losses, has recently brought about strong responses from the government of the People’s Republic of China. The PRC authorities have formulated and implemented regulations and law to restrict the visits of ordinary Chinese people to places where scam crime persists, while enhancing their diplomatic contacts and police cooperation with countries in the world to combat scam-related crime.
On September 15, 2026, the State Council will implement The State Council’s Regulations on the Management of Entry and Exit (hereafter Regulations), which was enhanced by the PRC State Council on June 29, 2026, and signed by Premier Li Qiang (See: 国务院关于出境入境管理的规定_外交、外事_中国政府网).. The Regulations have 19 Articles focusing on the control of Chinese citizens, and foreigners, who leave and enter the Chinese Mainland.
New legal framework for exit and entry management
Article 1 states the objectives of the Regulation as protecting the legal rights of those people entering and leaving China, while protecting the state sovereignty, security and developmental interest. Article 2 explicitly focuses on the need to protect the safety and minimize the risks of Chinese people who leave the country, especially if they visit those places affected by armed conflicts, social disorder, regional war, natural disaster, accidents and infectious diseases.
All these circumstances can affect the personal security of Chinese citizens, who can be barred from visiting problematic places. While the scope of Article 2 embraces the broader aspects of war and conflicts, it can also be used to tackle those Chinese citizens who leave China for places vulnerable to scam-related crime, such as Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia.
Article 3 emphasizes that the Chinese citizens who leave China must carry with them real documents and information so that customs and immigration authorities will be able to check their sources and authenticity. Conversely speaking, those citizens who utilize fake documents will be disallowed to leave the PRC. Article 4 stipulates that those Chinese citizens who use fake documents will be penalized by administrative detention in accordance with the circumstances.
Moreover, they will not be allowed to leave China from six months to three years. Similarly, those Chinese citizens who violate the law and commit crime outside the Chinese territory can be barred from leaving China between six months and three years once they return to the PRC. Article 5 adds that foreigners who violate the Chinese law by providing fake documents will also be barred from entering China from one year to five years.
Oversight of intermediary agencies and national security scope
Article 6 mentions that the state will explain to the affected citizens the reasons of disallowing them to leave or enter China in written form, and that it has the right not to inform the citizens if the reasons are concerned about national security and criminal investigations.
Article 7 focuses on the role of intermediary agencies and staff members, who provide policy consultation, who help arrange visiting documents, and who deal with application procedures. They all will have to be registered with immigration authorities. Article 8 focuses on the legality of the intermediary agencies, including their legal establishment, their data management and security, their legal representatives who must have no criminal record, their capital and operating venues, and their staff whose records are checked to ensure that they have no criminal background.
Article 9 controls the agencies further by requiring their operations to be supervised under various government departments, including immigration, education, human resources, commerce, culture, tourism and the judiciary. Article 10 regulates the agencies further by requiring them to give accurate information, present genuine documents, avoid leaking personal data, register with the government, shun all illegal activities, and report to the state on any cross-border applications from civil servants and military personnel who apply for the right of abode in foreign countries and who wish to immigrate to other countries.
Article 11 stipulates that an individual who provides fake documents and certificates will be penalized monetarily from 5,000 to 10,000 yuan, and an agency which does so will be penalized from 10,000 to 50,000 yuan. Article 12 also stipulates that agencies that refuse to correct their behaviour by not providing genuine documents will be monetarily penalized and have their licenses revoked.
Judging from the content of the Regulations, they tend to have immediate impacts on individuals who cross the PRC border to engage in scam-related activities in Southeast Asia and other countries in the world – a broad legal tool that also covers foreigners. Moreover, agencies that handle the immigration documents of individuals are under the watchful eyes of the state, including their staff members, registration, background, operations and clients, especially civil servants and military personnel whose background is more politically sensitive.
As such, the Regulations cover not simply cross-border citizens who engage in cross-border scam crime, but also domestic citizens and foreigners who commit cross-border crime in various ways. The Regulations can therefore be regarded as a new national security law focusing on Chinese people and foreigners who enter and leave China – a very comprehensive instrument of controlling cross-border criminal activities and their criminal accomplices.
Criminal syndicates and the four families of Myanmar
Moreover, the Regulations can plug the loophole in the criminal offences committed by members of the four big families – Ming, Bai, Wei and Liu in northern Myanmar. According to the Chinese media, the Ming family committed the offenses of implementing scam crime, kidnapping, human smuggling, organs transactions, opening forty-one scam compounds and soliciting capitalists to invest and to utilize private armed force to control the victims. Moreover, its family members and accomplices committed intentional homicide, deliberate injury of people, extortion, the opening of casinos, the organization of people to smuggle others across the borders, and the organization of prostitution. The result was to cause the death of six Chinese citizens and the injury of many others (Ta Kung Pao, January 30, 2026).
The Bai family committed the offences of implementing scam crime, kidnapping, human smuggling, organs transaction, the setting up of hotels and scam compounds, the solicitation of capitalists to hire private security personnel to use violence to control victims, the intentional injury of victims, deliberate homicide, the organization of cross-border smuggling and forced prostitution. As a result, six Chinese citizens died and many others were injured (Ta Kung Pao, January 30, 2026).
The Wei family utilized the border guards established by the Myanmar government to organize regular armed forces to protect and operate scam operations (Ta Kung Pao, January 30, 2026). Moreover, the Henry compound had thirty-one scam organizations that combined personal tax with violent control by security guards. As a result, eight Chinese citizens died. The second generation of the Wei family was portrayed in the media as “successful entrepreneurs”, but this image aimed to attract more victims and investments. The criminal group even committed the offence of killing the victims and using the dead bodies for “sky burial” function (Ta Kung Pao, January 30, 2026).
The Liu family committed the offences of combining prostitution, drug trafficking and scam operations together as one single enterprise. Its Fulilai company opened twenty-eight scam syndicates that provided the victims with dormitories. It also operated casinos, karaoke bars, hotels and agencies that organized human smuggling with twenty percent commission extracted from the agencies.
Clearly, some of these families utilized agencies to recruit Chinese citizens to cross the border to commit cross-border crime, notably scam operations. As such, the Regulations can plug a crucial loophole as shown in the offences committed by the four families.
Multilateral alliances and diplomatic countermeasures
Furthermore, on September 10, 2026, China cooperated with forty-six countries to set up an Alliance Combating Telecom and Cyber Fraud in Lianyungang at Jiangsu province. Thirty-four other countries participated in the alliance as observing countries, while the United Nations and INTERPOL sent officials to attend the convention (China Industry and Commerce News, September 10, 2026). According to the INTERPOL representative, in the past two years from 2024 to 2026, scam crimes increased by 55 percent.
All the participating countries signed a Joint Declaration on the combat against scam and cybercrime. The Declaration states that cybercrime is a common crime of countries in the world and it aims at establishing an international organization to combat scam-related crimes in a more focused, more professional, more efficient and more action-oriented manner.
Apart from China, other countries that participated in the Alliance included Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Pakistan, Russia and Kenya (Xinhua, September 10, 2026). The Alliance can be seen as a diplomatic effort led by China to organize different countries together to fight scam crime in a more coordinated and effective way. The convention in Lianyunggang was a timely one demonstrating the political will of China to collaborate with other countries to fight against cross-border scam crime, whose victims spread from Myanmar to Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and other countries.
Wang Xiaohong, the chief of PRC’s Ministry of Public Security, delivered a speech in the Alliance’s meeting, saying that China insists on the principles of maintaining the rule of law, improving cooperative mechanisms, and achieving equality and tolerance.
Furthermore, China is keen to enhance the capability of combatting cross-border crime, and to promote the sharing of resources, coordination among the Alliance members, and the maintenance of global public order (Ta Kung Pao, September 11, 2026). Wang added that police personnel must enhance their training, and increase joint exercises and communications on the affected regions and cases so that the well-being of citizens in different countries can be protected. Clearly, China is the champion in the fight against scam crime because many Chinese citizens were involved in scam crime as organizers, accomplices and victims.
Global law enforcement operations and extraditions
In fact, such an alliance among different countries is necessary. In February 2026, an FBI official, Scott Schelble, warned that scam syndicates in Southeast Asia had already become “industrial operations” that involved Chinese organizations with cross-national and strong capital investment. These “industrial” complexes involved human smuggling, money laundering, and corruption (HK01.com, February 25, 2026). As such, the FBI would take measures to pursue and combat all cross-border scam activities.
In May 2026, China’s police cooperated with US and United Arab Emirates counterparts for the first time to crack down on nine scam syndicates operating in the UAE, arresting 276 suspects who cheated money from victims through the organization of cyberlove affairs (HK01.com, May 17, 2026). The syndicate also used Bitcoin investments to lure the victims.
In April 2026, the PRC police collaborated with their Sri Lankan counterparts to crack down on a cybercrime organization in which nine Chinese citizens attempted to bring various equipment from China to Colombo (HK01.com, April 16, 2026).
In November 2025, the Chinese police held joint meetings with their counterparts in Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam to combat scam syndicates in these countries. They signed a document to share criminal intelligence, enhance extradition work, and protect regional security (Now TV News, November 15, 2025).
In December 2025, China cooperated with Thailand and Myanmar to arrange 900 Chinese criminal suspects to be extradited from Myawaddy to the PRC (Now TV News, December 26, 2025). From October to December 2025, the three countries collaborated in their joint efforts at smashing scam syndicates. In total, 7,600 Chinese people were extradited back to China for trial and punishment.
The most recent development has revealed that scam syndicates have been migrating to countries like Indonesia because of the escape of syndicate members from Cambodia to Indonesia, where criminal elements pretended to be government officials and investment experts to cheat money from victims (Sing Tao Daily, May 27, 2026). The Chinese Embassy in Indonesia warned Chinese citizens to increase their awareness of becoming scam victims.
Comprehensive enforcement and long-term challenges
In conclusion, since the proliferation of cross-border scam crime that affected many Chinese citizens, who are the organizers, accomplices and victims, China has been adopting a multiplicity of strategies, including the arrest of criminal organizers and accomplices who have been extradited from different countries in Southeast Asia; the execution of criminal organizers and members; the issuance of new Regulations governing the entry and exit of Chinese citizens; and the utilization of the Regulations to control all agencies that organize outbound immigration applications and foreign visits of Chinese citizens.
The scope of the Regulations is very broad, covering not only Chinese citizens but also foreigners who are involved in cross-border crime. Other measures taken by China include the formation of the Alliance to combat cross-border scam crime, and the solicitation of support from different countries to stop the spread of cybercrime.
Finally, cross-border police cooperation and diplomatic contacts have been enhanced, involving the sharing of criminal intelligence, the extradition of criminal suspects and elements, and the crackdown on scam syndicates. As such, the responses from China to cross-border scam crimes have been assertive, legalistic, diplomatic, policing and forceful.
However, it will take some time for these diligent cross-border efforts to yield concrete results, because criminal syndicates remain extremely mobile, industrially resilient, locally secretive, and skilfully exploiting the regional weaknesses of various countries and silently infiltrating into new scam compounds by seizing the opportunities of governing vacuums, local corruption, and lucrative illicit returns in a short period of time.
原刊於澳門新聞通訊社（MNA）網站，本社獲作者授權轉載。（原文按此）
