醫生通常會配一些含有一種叫哌甲酯（Methylphenidate）的化學品的藥來幫助小朋友提升專注力。這些藥可以增加一種叫腦衍生神經營養因子（BDNF）的物質。那麼BDNF又能怎樣幫助小朋友呢？首先要了解一個神經訊息，怎樣由一個細胞傳去另一個細胞。
原來每個細胞都有觸鬚把訊息傳出來，當訊息準備跳到下一條觸鬚時，有個很重要的結構──突觸，會把訊息分泌出的一些神經傳導物包裹。因為若沒有包裹的話神經傳導物就會四散，訊息就接收不了。這情況就是一般說的「斷片」，即是突然間思想停頓，或是看一篇文章，字字都懂，但就是不理解內容。BDNF正可以增加多點突觸，令到訊息可以完全地傳出去。小朋友專注不足、容易分心就是因為訊息四散了，所以沒辦法集中注意力。
BDNF也與情緒有關，缺乏BDNF時情緒會變得不穩定，可以是焦慮，也可以是燥動。小朋友於是也會有過度活躍。因此ADHD這個病的全名叫專注不足過度活躍症。
自閉症因肌肉協調出問題
另外，自閉症也是個使家長頭疼的小朋友發展遲緩問題。其實自閉症的小朋友可以完全聽到父母的指令，但是為何他們既不回應，又不懂和其他小朋友玩耍呢？那是因為這些小朋友的肌肉協調出了問題。一般我們想表達一個訊息時有幾個方法：一是說出來、一是寫出來、一是做動作，可是無論用什麼方法表達都需要肌肉。因此，當小朋友的肌肉協調出問題時，就連拍皮球也不會，或是綁鞋帶亦不能。
YouTube影片系列「小培解百病」：https://reurl.cc/8GnnDX
「小培解百病」系列講座 7月22日重新出發：https://www.master-insight.com/?p=140398
顧小培「對症不下藥」專欄：https://www.master-insight.com/category/topic/%E5%B0%8D%E7%97%87%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%8B%E8%97%A5/
麥嘉晉
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陳天權
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