6月6日，國務院印發《廣州南沙深化面向世界的粵港澳全面合作總體方案》（以下簡稱《南沙方案》），加上橫琴將企業和個人所得稅下調至15%，可以被視為對香港和澳門具有巨大社會經濟影響的重大舉措。
深化粵港澳互利共贏合作
《南沙方案》分為7個部分，每個部分都有其特點。
第一部分概述了「指導思想」、「空間布局」和「發展目標」。指導思想是堅持「習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導」，「貫徹落實黨的十九大和十九屆歷次全會精神」，在深化改革開放的同時，「堅定不移貫徹一國兩制方針」，深化粵港澳互利共贏合作，將南沙打造成為香港、澳門更好融入國家發展大局的重要載體和有力支撐。
南沙的空間布局是要充分發揮區域交通樞紐快捷通達香港的優勢，有力帶動南沙全域發展。目標是到2025年，南沙粵港澳聯合科技創新體制機制更加完善，青年創業就業合作水平進一步提升，教育、醫療等優質公共資源加速集聚，成為港澳青年安居樂業的新家園，不僅攜手參與「一帶一路」建設取得明顯成效，綠色智慧節能低碳的園區建設營運模式也基本確立。
減稅吸引港澳海外人才
第二部分重點建設南沙科技創新發展合作基地。南沙歡迎港澳研究機構在應用研究、知識產權信息公共服務、創新技術合作機制、產品認證和認可等多個領域開展相互研究，以及促進電子工程、計算機科學、海洋科學、人工智能、智慧城市和金融科技等領域創新成果轉移轉化。
南沙將通過與中科院、香港科技大學合作，共建南方海洋科學與工程廣東省實驗室（廣州），加快廣州海洋地質調查局深海科技創新中心、南海生態環境創新工程研究院、新一代潛航器項目等重大創新平台建設，打造中國南方海洋科技創新中心。健全科技成果交易平台，完善科技成果公開交易體系。
此外，將加快建設智能網聯汽車產業園，推進智能純電動汽車研發和產業化，加強智能網聯汽車測試示範，打造智能網聯汽車產業鍊和智慧交通產業集群。最後，南沙將推動國際化高端人才集聚，實施面向港澳人才的特殊支持措施，這意味着南沙將成為吸引港澳人才的樞紐，不僅將企業稅減至15%，而且對在南沙工作的港澳居民，免徵其個人所得稅稅負超過港澳稅負的部分，目的是吸引港澳及海外人才來南沙工作。
打造年輕人宜居創新生態圈
第三部分主要談及如何將南沙打造為青年發展新業務和職業的平台。具體而言，為港澳青年發展創業提供貸款和補貼，歡迎他們在南沙定居和工作。將利用香港政府青年發展基金和澳門政府青年創業項目援助計劃，將南沙建設成為港澳年輕人在南沙居住和工作的創新生態圈。香港政府的其他計劃，如大灣區青年就業計劃和內地專題實習計劃，將納入《南沙方案》，讓更多香港青年在當地生活就業。其他服務，如住宿、託兒和港澳居民子女入學等，都將提供和安排，以解決到南沙工作的後顧之憂。
進一步融入區域與世界經濟
第四部分重點介紹南沙將如何深化對外經貿合作，從而使內地企業加強國際網絡和「走出去」；發揮外國駐穗領事館集聚優勢，整合珠三角優勢產能、國際經貿服務機構等「走出去」資源；提供信息共享、項目對接、標準兼容、檢測認證、金融服務、爭議解決等一站式服務，研究進一步降低香港專業服務業在內地提供服務的准入門檻；完善內地與港澳律師事務所合夥聯營機制。
南沙的增強國際航運物流樞紐功能，將充分發揮香港國際航運中心作用及海事專業服務優勢，推動粵港澳大灣區內航運服務資源跨境跨區域整合。具體而言，重點在航運物流、水水中轉、鐵水聯運、航運金融、海事服務、郵輪遊艇等領域深化合作。加快發展船舶管理、檢驗檢測、海員培訓、海事糾紛解決等海事服務，打造國際海事服務產業集聚區。建立粵港澳大灣區大宗原料、消費品、食品、藝術品等商品供應鏈管理平台，建設工程塑料、糧食、紅酒展示交易中心，設立期貨交割倉。
中央政府支持南沙落實《區域全面經濟夥伴關係協定》（RCEP），加強與歐盟和北美發達經濟體的合作，推動在金融、科技創新等領域對接，進一步融入區域經濟與世界經濟。
打造國際一流營商環境
第五部分強調南沙要打造國際一流營商環境。在這方面，南沙必須經歷一個深化改革，持續打造市場化、法治化和國際化營商環境。南沙將試行商事登記確認制，加快建立全方位、多層次、立體化監管體系，實現涉企信用信息互聯互通、共享應用。加快建設「數字政府」，完善「互聯網+」審批體系，推進政務服務「即刻辦+零跑動」。健全多元化糾紛解決機制和一站式民商事糾紛解決系統平台，促進訴訟與仲裁、調解等多元化糾紛解決方式信息互通。
南沙將探索開展合格境內有限合夥人（QDLP）境外投資等政策試點，支持粵港澳三地機構合作設立人民幣海外投貸基金。推動粵港澳三地加強社會保障銜接，推進在南沙工作和生活的港澳居民享有市民待遇，提高港澳居民社會保障措施的跨境可攜性，包括擴大香港「長者醫療券」的使用範圍，推動將南沙醫療機構納入香港醫療費用異地結算單位，並逐步將支付範圍從門診擴大到住院。提高大灣區食品安全監管水平。加強與港澳的交通銜接，加快建立南沙與香港的直接交通聯繫。
建立高質量城市發展標竿
第六部分重點闡述南沙如何建立高質量城市發展標竿，即加強城市規劃建設領域合作。堅持尊重自然、順應自然、保護自然的生態文明理念，加強文明傳承、文化延續，做好歷史文化保護傳承，加強鄉土樹種、古樹名木保護，做好城市精細化治理。引入港澳高水平規劃策劃設計單位及專家團隊參與南沙規劃編制、設計研究。
在將南沙建設成為擁有先進技術和信息的智慧城市的同時，還將在南沙劃定專門區域，打造高等教育開放試驗田、高水平高校集聚地、大灣區高等教育合作新高地。支持依法合規引進境外一流教育資源到南沙開展高水平合作辦學，推進世界一流大學和一流學科建設。
南沙將深化粵港澳高等教育合作，充分發揮粵港澳高校聯盟等作用，鼓勵三地高校探索開展相互承認特定課程學分、實施更靈活的交換生安排等方面的合作交流。完善在南沙設立的大學對港澳考生招生機制，規劃建設外籍人員子女學校或國際化程度較高的中小學校，落實港澳居民在內地申請中小學教師資格有關政策，鼓勵發展0至3歲托育服務。最後，參照香港大學深圳醫院投資運營管理模式，在南沙建設由地方政府全額投資、引進港澳現代化管理模式的大型綜合性公辦醫院。
加強黨領導 強化「底線思維」
第七部分闡釋了南沙的「保障措施」，包括在南沙開發過程中要加強黨的領導，提高政治判斷力和政治執行力。加強基層黨組織建設，同時加強資金投入和政策支持。廣東省政府將通過財政資金和新增地方政府債券額度為南沙提供金融支持。同時嚴格保護耕地，按程序開展土地管理綜合改革試點。
最後，南沙將建立由政府、行業協會商會、智庫機構、專家學者等代表共同參與的發展諮詢委員會，為南沙建設提供諮詢建議。廣州市要「落實主體責任」，高標準高水平規劃、建設和管理，整體謀劃、分步實施。要強化「底線思維」，「敬畏歷史、敬畏文化、敬畏生態」，加強風險防範化解，「確保南沙健康有序可持續發展」。
《南沙方案》對粵港澳經濟社會融合具有重要意義。
首先是《南沙方案》公布10天後，橫琴粵澳深度合作區宣布在橫琴的企業所得稅減至15%，個人所得稅上限為15%。橫琴這項「雙15%」稅收優惠政策，就像南沙改變企業所得稅率和個人免稅額一樣，有明顯的意義──南沙和橫琴都下調了企業所得稅率和個人入息稅稅率，旨在吸引港澳人才。
鄧小平：要在內地多造幾個香港
其次，《南沙方案》代表在華南地區打造另一個香港的深化進程。正如已故中共領導人鄧小平曾經說過，要在內地多造幾個香港，那麼《南沙方案》就是一個很好的例子，深圳已經成為毗鄰香港的先進城市。華南地區繼續經濟現代化和自由化的進程，並在大灣區打造更多像香港的城市。
第三，《南沙方案》顯示，它清楚利用了香港和澳門的優勢，包括人才、專業能力、知識和資本。因此，在整個中國經濟現代化的持續進程中，香港和澳門仍然發揮着重要作用。大灣區將為香港和澳門在經濟、社會和生產力方面與內地融合提供強大平台，尤其是在新冠疫情逐漸減弱的情況下。
第四，香港和澳門理應分別利用南沙和橫琴的經濟自由化發展各自的特色產業。鑑於南沙有許多珍貴的文化名勝古蹟，港澳旅遊部門應與南沙和大灣區其他城市一起發展文化和歷史旅遊，打造強大的旅遊樞紐，為後疫情時代做準備。同樣，澳門的商業機構也必須進入橫琴，以更快的速度發展資訊科技業、中醫藥業、會展業、文化旅遊業和金融業。否則，澳門「適度的」經濟多元化可能會受到保守主義的窒礙。
第五，高等教育領域需要更多粵港澳三地融合互動。三地要加快學歷互認，培育和深化教育界的合作和交流。雖然香港學生對華南的歷史、文化和經濟特色仍然缺乏深入的了解，但澳門青年也存在類似的問題。因此，港澳地方大學必須在廣東省高校的支持和積極參與下，設立更多關於的華南的課程。
第六，只有讓港澳居民更深入地了解廣東，才能促進社會交往。因此，廣東南沙、橫琴等地的安老院必須與港澳地區的護老院建立更強大、更廣泛的網絡，讓更多港澳人士了解廣東的日常生活。
南沙香港成為「一小時生活圈」
第七，已故香港富豪霍英東的願景最終實現。霍英東是1990年代投資南沙最重要的先驅，他希望南沙有朝一日能與香港成為「一小時生活圈」。如今，南沙被中央確定為繼深圳之後的又一新火車頭，成為與港澳交通、供應鏈緊密相連的重要城市。霍英東對南沙的設想最終成為了現實。他對南沙的看法，在經濟現代化和粵港澳一體化的進程中，具有重要的社會和經濟意義。
總之，《南沙方案》對香港和澳門具有重要的社會和經濟意義。南沙將成為另一個香港，憑藉香港和澳門的人才、專業能力、知識和資本，南沙的文化和歷史遺產，將為港澳拓展大灣區文化歷史旅遊提供了獨特的機遇，而三地的高等教育領域也有更大的合作和拓展空間。經過霍英東對南沙現代化的開創性工作和巨大貢獻，這座城市現在被指定為深化經濟現代化、自由化和國際化進程的重要平台，終於證明和實現了霍英東先生的遠見卓識。
Nansha’s Cooperative Blueprint with Hong Kong and Macau: Socio-Economic Implications
The Nansha Cooperative and Comprehensive Blueprint with Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau published by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on June 6, together with a move by Hengqin to lower corporate and individual tax to 15 percent, can be seen as significant moves that have tremendous socio-economic implications for Hong Kong and Macau.
The Nansha Cooperative Blueprint is divided into seven sections, each carrying its unique features.
The first section outlines the “leading thinking,” “spatial design” and “developmental objectives.” The leading thinking is to persist in the “leadership of Chinese-style socialism under the Xi Jinping era,” the “implementation of the spirit of the Party’s 19thParty Congress,” and in the deepening and openness of reforms while “resolutely implement the principle of ‘one country, two systems” so that the mutual cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau can and will become a win-win scenario. Nansha is remade as “an important entity and a forceful support” for Hong Kong and Macau to be integrated into the mainland’s national development. The spatial design of Nansha is to fully utilize the district’s transport linkages with Hong Kong so that Nansha will be developed in all aspects. The developmental objectives are to improve and deepen Nansha’s technological innovation together with Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau, to provide a new family anchorage for the young people of Hong Kong and Macau, to elevate the standards of education and public health in Nansha, and to contribute to not only the Belt and Road Initiatives but also the green economy and a society with low carbon emission.
The second section focuses on the construction of Nansha as a cooperative base for the development of science, technology and innovation. Nansha welcomes research organizations from Hong Kong and Macau to promote mutual research in various areas, including applied research, intellectual property information, technological innovation, product certification and recognition, and to promote technology transfer in the fields of electrical engineering, computer science, ocean science, artificial intelligence, smart city, and financial technology. Nansha is going to build up first class research university and institutes and to increase its competitiveness through greater cooperation with the research expertise in ocean studies and ecology from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Furthermore, the Nansha automobile industry will be developed, including smart vehicles and smart transport. Internet technology, drones and unmanned boats will also be developed. Finally, Nansha will promote the mobility of talents regionally and internationally, meaning that it will be a hub attracting talents from Hong Kong and Macau through not only the reduction of enterprise tax to 15 percent but also partial exemption for individual tax. The objective is to attract talents from Hong Kong and Macau and overseas to work in Nansha.
The third section discusses how Nansha is created as a platform for youth to develop their new business and career. Specifically, loans and subsidies will be provided for the young people of Hong Kong and Macau to develop their business and they will be welcome to reside and work in Nansha. The Hong Kong government’s youth development fund and the Macau government’s assistance plan for youth’s start-up projects will be utilized to develop Nansha into an innovative and ecological circle for the young people of Hong Kong and Macau to reside and work there. Other plans of the Hong Kong government, such as the Greater Bay Area Youth Employment Plan and the Mainland Internship Scheme will be integrated into the developmental blueprint of Nansha so that more young people from Hong Kong will move to the district. Other services such as residence, childcare and the study conditions of the children of the Hong Kong and Macau people will be provided and arranged in such a way as to facilitate human integration.
The fourth section focuses on how Nansha will open its door so that mainland enterprises will strengthen their international networks and external trade. Foreign consulates in Guangzhou will provide a channel for Nansha to arrange its local business to go out to the international arena, share information, develop projects, recognize products mutually and provide arbitration points while helping to develop Hong Kong’s service sector and providing law firms in Hong Kong and Macau to cooperate with their mainland counterparts. The internationalization of Nansha is going to be developed through the utilization of Hong Kong’s shipping centre and maritime services. Specifically, Nansha’s harbours will develop maritime transport, build up more piers, and elevate the standards of shipping services and maritime transactions. All these infrastructure and services will stimulate Nansha’s plastic industry, engineering work, wine exhibitions and securities centre. The central government in Beijing supports Nansha to implement the measures of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and to cooperate with other European and North American states in the areas of monetary and financial industries, thereby integrating Nansha into the global economy more quickly and much deeper.
The fifth section emphasizes Nansha as a converging platform to connect with the international business environment. In this aspect, Nansha must undergo a deepening process of marketization, internationalization and the rule of law development. The business registration system will be modernized, including logistic supply chain, credit information sharing, digital governance, Internet services, dispute resolution mechanisms in commercial and civilian disputes, cross-border health insurance services, Renminbi overseas investment fund, risks assessment of monetary and financial institutes, the reform of foreign remittance system, and the study of setting up a Greater Bay Area international business bank. The governments of the Greater Bay Area, including Hong Kong and Macau, will promote the idea of cross-border social protection services, including the applicability of elderly health coupons issued in Hong Kong, the certificate recognition of hospitals, the better regulation of food security, and the improvement in transport linkages between Nansha, Hong Kong and Macau. Cruise ships and tours will be promoted.
The sixth section focuses on the developmental criteria of building a high-quality city in Nansha, meaning that its cultural and historical heritage, ancient and precious trees, and special architecture will have to be preserved with the help of the criteria of architectural design from Hong Kong and Macau. Urban planning, cultural and sports facilities and managerial services in Nansha will have to learn from the experts from Hong Kong and Macau, who will be invited as advisors to improve Nansha’s urban governance and cultural heritage preservation work. While Nansha is going to be developed as a smart city with advanced technology and information, higher education will be expanded. The educational alliance in the Greater Bay Area will encourage the mutual recognition of credits and programs, while Nansha’s higher education institutes will recruit more students from Hong Kong and Macau and develop sister universities. International schools at the primary and secondary levels will be built in Nansha to attract students from Hong Kong and Macau. Finally, public health infrastructure such as hospitals will be built along the line of the Shenzhen hospital with the participation from the University of Hong Kong. Medical products from Hong Kong and Macau are bought, used and recognized in Nansha, where elderly homes will be provided for the elderly people from the two cities.
The seventh section delineates the “protective measures” for Nansha, including the need to strengthen party leadership and to consolidate political judgement and implementation in the process of developing Nansha. Party organizations will be developed in Nansha at the grassroots level, while capital investment and policy support will also be provided. The Guangdong provincial government will provide financial support for Nansha with government bonds and investment funds. Agricultural land will be protected while land reclamation is controlled in a cautious way. Finally, a developmental committee will be set up to provide inputs on Nansha’s development by co-opting government officials, industries and professions, think tanks, experts and academics. The Guangdong government will “realize its main duty” of designing blueprint and plans of rigorous standards. It will also strengthen “the bottom-line thinking,” “respect history, culture and ecology,” and consolidate the need to prevent risks to “ensure Nansha’s healthy and sustainable development.”
The Nansha cooperative blueprint has important implications for the socio-economic integration between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau.
First, ten days after Nansha’s cooperative blueprint was published, the Guangdong-Macau Cooperation Zone in Hengqin announced that the Hengqin corporate income tax would be reduced to 15 percent while the individual income tax will be capped at 15 percent. This policy in Hengqin is like the change in corporate tax and individual tax exemption in Nansha. The implication is obvious: both Nansha and Hengqin have adjusted their corporate and income tax rate downwards to attract talents from Hong Kong and Macau.
Second, the Nansha developmental blueprint represents the deepening process of creating another Hong Kong in South China. If Deng Xiaoping once remarked that the PRC would create more cities like Hong Kong, the Nansha cooperative blueprint is a good example following the footstep of Shenzhen, which has become an advanced city neighbouring Hong Kong. Economic modernization and liberalization in South China continue to deepen its process and to embrace more cities in the Greater Bay Area.
Third, the Nansha blueprint shows that it clearly utilizes the strengths of both Hong Kong and Macau, including talents, expertise, knowledge and capital. As such, Hong Kong and Macau still have their vital role in the sustained process of economic modernization in entire China. The Greater Bay Area will provide a powerful platform for Hong Kong and Macau to integrate with the mainland economically, socially and productively, especially as Covid-19 is slowly weakening.
Fourth, Hong Kong and Macau must utilize the economic liberalization of Nansha and Hengqin respectively to develop their special industries. Given that Nansha has many precious cultural and historical sites, Hong Kong and Macau’s tourism authorities should build up their cultural and historical tourism together with Nansha and other cities of the Greater Bay Area, creating a powerful tourism hub in preparation for the post-Covid era. Similarly, Macau’s business organizations must go into Hengqin to develop information technology, Chinese medicine, convention and exhibition business, cultural tourism and financial industry in a much faster way. Otherwise, Macau’s “suitable” economic diversification will perhaps be hindered by conservatism.
Fifth, the higher education sector will need more integration and interactions between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau. Academic qualifications will have to be recognized in the three places in a much faster way, while educational alliances and exchanges must be fostered and deepened. While Hong Kong students are still lacking a deep knowledge of the history, culture and economic features of South China, a similar problem exists among the Macau youth. As such, local universities in Hong Kong and Macau have to build up more programs on South China, together with the support and active participation of Guangdong’s higher education institutions.
Sixth, social interactions will be fostered only when the people of Hong Kong and Macau understand Guangdong in a much deeper manner. As such, elderly homes in Nansha and Hengqin and other places in Guangdong will have to build up stronger and more extensive networks with their counterparts in Hong Kong and Macau so that more people from Hong Kong and Macau understand the daily lives of Guangdong.
Seventh, the vision of the late Hong Kong tycoon Henry Fok is eventually realized. Henry Fok was the most important pioneer who went to invest in Nansha in the 1990s and he hoped that Nansha would have a “one-hour living circle” with Hong Kong one day. Today, Nansha is designated by the central government as another new locomotive after Shenzhen to become an important city with close transport linkages and supply chain with Hong Kong and Macau. Fok’s vision of Nansha becomes a reality eventually. His vision on Nansha remains socially and economically significant in the process of economic modernization and integration between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau.
In short, the Nansha cooperative blueprint is socially and economically significant for Hong Kong and Macau. Nansha is going to be another Hong Kong, relying on Hong Kong’s and Macau’s talents, expertise, knowledge and capital. Its cultural and historical heritage provide a unique opportunity for Hong Kong and Macau to develop cultural and historical tourism in the Greater Bay Area, while the higher education sector in the three places has more room for cooperation and expansion. Many years after the pioneering work and tremendous contribution of Henry Fok to modernize Nansha, the city is now designated as an important platform for a deepening process of economic modernization, liberalization and internationalization, thereby proving and realizing the very far-sighted vision of Mr. Fok eventually.
車品覺
陳章華
王弼
施永青
鄭永年
周光蓁
陳家偉
劉銳紹
張翠容
徐家健
常霖法師
黃錦輝